Pop Art Symbols 1950 Feminine Pop Art Symbols 1960
Pop Art: The explosion of glory culture, consumerism and widespread icons, from the 1950s/60s upwards until today.
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Pop Art is a tremendously influential movement that originally began between the 1950s and '60s. It spoke to the masses - rather than to individuals – with its focus on the simplified language of post-state of war consumerism.
What is Pop Art?
At its cadre Popular Art is Commercial Art, a reproduceable Art form of the seemingly eternal icons for the masses, developed on the streets, outside of the galleries of the elite, and from the symbols of daily life.
Artists started to use symbols and references which were a direct reference to everyday products, brands, and mass symbols - the 'culture' which was influencing people'southward lives, views and habits. These 'icons of modernistic-twenty-four hour period order' represented the world in which these artists – and people in general - grew up.
The brands, images and faces of Hollywood stars were seen everywhere, recognisable in adverts, on the shelves of the local supermarket or in the kitchen cupboard. They were the omnipresent visual symbols of 'Pop Culture'.
In the 1950s-60s, the 'star-system' - the world of celebrity culture that began in the 1920s with the big stars of Hollywood starting from the pre-state of war years - reached its pinnacle. There was a sense of 'Pop Culture', surrounding the big names and their prototype. And now information technology affected both the works of contemporary artists and the lives of the artists themselves. Fame became primal.
By starting to use the common symbols and icons, realising the result of these strong images, artists soon became stars themselves. More than than ever earlier, the Fine art World was a world of celebrities.
Who are the most influential artists of Pop Art?
i. Andy Warhol (1928-1987)
Andy Warhol is probably the nearly influential figure of Pop Fine art. He became a renowned glory himself. Understanding 'star-civilisation', advertisement and the effect of the media, he made these the cadre of his work – and life as an artist. His studio, as well known as the Factory, became a hive for artistic celebrities of the time, alluring other powerful personalities and resonating the event of the Andy Warhol 'make'.
Nosotros can see him as the complete representation of this culture and motility. With his distinctive and very personal mode, Warhol gave phonation to celebrity civilization like nobody else and his works withal influence art, fashion and design today.
For example, Director Gus Van Sant has recently appear he is working on a musical, 'Andy' to celebrate this legendary effigy! It will also include a duet with Warhol and the Fine art Critic Clement Greenberg, every bit if to mark his anti-conventional graphic symbol and importance for the Art Earth. In May 2021, 5 Andy Warhol's works were sold at auction in the class of NFTs, equally the result of a collaboration between The Andy Warhol Foundation and Christie's auction house.
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2. Keith Haring (1958-1990)
American Keith Allen Haring started as a Street Creative person, leaving marks and messages on the streets and in the subway in New York. As he stated: "My dad made cartoon characters for me, and they were very similar to the fashion I started to draw—with one line and a cartoon outline".
He get-go studied Commercial Art at Pittsburgh, and then feeling the need to move abroad he left the school to go to New York City where he became known as 1 of the great figures of Graffiti Fine art and Pop Art. His extremely recognisable imagery was speaking for the subculture of the 1980s, advocating for AIDS awareness and drug abuse. His piece of work was fifty-fifty exhibited in the Whitney Biennial and Venice Biennale.
In Apr 1986, Haring opened the Popular Shop in Soho, selling trade featuring his work. Criticised for this, he stated "I could earn more money if I just painted a few things and jacked up the price. My shop is an extension of what I was doing in the subway stations, breaking downward the barriers between high and low art."
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3. Roy Lichtenstein (1923-1997)
Roy Fox Lichtenstein is one of the fathers of the Pop Art movement. His works are characterised past a very unique style, making him i of the leading artists. In November 2015, Christie'due south sold Lichtenstein's 'Nurse' for a record $95.4 meg.
In this piece, as well every bit in other works, nosotros can run into how the enlarged imagery of adverts and comics with recognisable characters, highlights the irony of the images and situations which absurdly depict every-day life.
This artist defined Popular art not as 'American' painting, merely as 'Industrial' painting. Information technology was disruptive, inspired past comics featuring war and romantic stories, "anything I could apply as a subject field that was emotionally strong […] opposite to the removed and deliberate painting techniques".
4. Tom Wesselmann (1931-2004)
American artist Tom Wesselmann, whose work has seen a renewed interest in the years post-obit his death, worked in sculpture, painting and collage. He gave a strong poetic twist to the mutual subjects of Pop Art.
In his practice, he studied traditional themes, such every bit the nude, still life and landscape, blending them with publicity and everyday objects. His work combines realistic objects with surreal, dreamy and illusionistic spaces, made with stiff chromatic surfaces.
five. Mimmo Rotella (1918-2006)
Italian artist Domenico Rotella, also known as Mimmo Rotella, was an incredibly agile artist in the second one-half of the 20th century. He is considered one of the most important figures of post-war European art.
Close to Ultra-Lettrists, Nouveau Réalisme and fifty-fifty the Popular Art movement, he combined pieces of adverts and posters in his décollage works. For this technique he used a series of stripped and torn posters, assembling them to create a tremendously expressive and powerful artful.
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6. Robert Rauschenberg (1925-2008)
Robert Rauschenberg was an American graphic creative person, photographer, printmaker, painter and performance artist. According to some he anticipated the Pop Art movement, however, he has been described as a 'Neo-Dadaist'.
According to him, "painting relates to both art and life" – and his aim was to work "in the gap between the two". Rauschenberg collected discarded objects on the streets of New York Urban center, incorporating them in his work. He even introduced establish pictures in his paintings by using serigraphy to transpose them on the canvass – a technique which was widely used by Pop Artists.
seven. Richard Hamilton (1922-2011)
Richard Hamilton was a leading effigy of the British generation of Pop Art artists. Like many other artists of this movement, his roots in Commercial Art had a great impact on his work.
His collage "Just What is information technology that makes today'southward homes and so different, so highly-seasoned?" (1956) was used as the main image for the poster and catalogue of an exhibition at the Whitechapel Gallery, giving him an incredible amount of visibility and underlining the importance of his piece of work. He was also part of the 'Independent Grouping', which had a potent role in the British Popular Art movement.
Courtesy of the Tate collection
viii. James Rosenquist (1933-2017)
Another extremely important and famous Pop Art artist is with no incertitude James Rosenquist. He tin be considered one of the strongest and most influential modernistic Pop Art artists, along with Warhol and Lichtenstein.
His work dived deep into cinematography and advertisement, drawing from his background in sign painting. James Rosenquist employed techniques which are conventionally used to create Commercial Art. His works announced as an overwhelming mixture of fragmented images of current icons, everyday objects and pop foods - behemothic lipsticks or spaghetti.
9. Robert Indiana (1928-2018)
American artist Robert Indiana created world-famous iconic works, which still have a strong influence on Design. Scenographer and costume designer, he had an incredibly interesting career.
He used flashy bold words, like 'Swallow' or 'Promise'. Highlighting the commercial aspect of these centre-communicable brusk words, the Pop attribute is clear in his work. His nigh iconic piece is "LOVE" (1970), a sculpture that became widely known and replicated.
ten. Mel Ramos (1935-2018)
Artist Mel Ramos was an American figurative painter, whose family was originally Portuguese-Azorean. An exponent of Pop Fine art and a university professor, his works often were of the female nude, mixing abstract and realist aspects.
His works were presented alongside those past Roy Lichtenstein and Andy Warhol, and exhibited in many group shows. He was actually 1 of the start to depict comic book strips. A certain irony tin be constitute in his works – distinguishing him from other Popular artists. In fact, his symbols and subjects accept a slightly different meaning to those found in works of others.
xi. Hariton Pushwagner (1940-2018)
Terje Brofos, who'due south creative person name was Hariton Pushwagner, was a Norwegian Pop Artist. He was a Graphic creative person and painter – and even a tennis thespian. After his studies at the State's School of Art and Design in Olso, he spent many years struggling to find his personal manner before becoming famous for his piece of work.
His works testify cartoonish images, partially derived by his fascination with Nowegian author Axel Jensen'due south work. They have a potent bold graphic quality to them, and present impressive narratives.
12. Billy Apple (1935-2021)
Baton Apple, built-in Barrie Bates, was a painter and sculptor from New Zealand. His works have been strongly connected to the American and British schools of Pop Fine art of the 1960s, and the Conceptual Fine art of the 1970s. He even collaborated with many Pop artists, including Andy Warhol.
Creating his own persona after studying at London's Majestic College of Art, he bleached his hair and eyebrows – making a recognisable image. He was one of the first artists to create neon artworks, and besides opened an alternative studio. Information technology was a meeting point for many artists, such as those of Fluxus and many Conceptual Artists.
13. Wayne Thiebaud (1920-current)
Wayne Thiebaud is a vastly recognised artist, especially for his works depicting everyday objects establish in diners and cafeterias. Although he is often referred to as a famous Pop Art artist, he sometimes is said to be different from the pop culture due to the distinct painting technique he has adopted.
Strongly against labels such as 'fine fine art' and 'commercial art', he did not see himself as a Pop artist. He despised the 'flat' and 'mechanical' attribute of Pop Art, nonetheless, his subjects often had a strong connexion to this Art motion.
14. Alex Katz (1927-current)
Alex Katz is an American figurative artist, known for his sculptural, pictorial and print works. He has never stopped creating fresh and influential works - nowadays belonging to some of the most prestigious displays, collections and museums.
Originally from New York and of Jewish descent, Alex Katz became well-known in the 1980s. He developed a unique style which is linked both to Abstract Expressionism and Popular Fine art, and is peculiarly well-known for his big-calibration flat and assuming colourful paintings.
fifteen. Yayoi Kusama (1929-current)
Japanese Contemporary artist Yayoi Kusama is an incredibly important living artist. Rooting her practice in Conceptual Fine art, Feminism, Minimalism, Surrealism, Art Brut, Abstract Expressionism and (of form) Popular Art, her works cover sculpture, installation, performance, film, way, poetry, fiction and painting.
Yayoi Kusama moved to New York Metropolis in 1958, attracted to the powerful and vivid American Pop Art scene, just since and then she has returned to Nihon. She implemented her studies nearly infinity with her accommodating sculptures, and often touches on autobiographical, psychological and sexual content in her piece of work.
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16. Claes Oldenburg (1929-current)
Originally from Sweden, Claes Oldenburg is a sculptor. He is known for his giant replicas or soft versions of immediately recognisable objects of everyday life.
His main focus was food and the way it has been devalued – shifting from a principal necessity to a commercial production. Many of his works were made with his wife Coosje van Bruggen.
The selection of analysing symbols of mass consumption as subjects for his sculptures makes Claes Oldenburg a perfect case of a modern Pop Art artist. In 1960-61, he fifty-fifty rented a store to so fill information technology with painted plaster copies of food, clothing, jewellery and other items in his work 'The Shop'.
17. Jasper Johns (1930-current)
American painter, sculptor and printmaker Jasper Johns is linked to Abstract Expressionism, Neo-Dada and Pop Art. Built-in in Southward Carolina, in Allendale, he moved to New York in 1949, when he decided to study for a few semesters at Parson'south Blueprint School. He before long entered the Art scene with some works that brought upward an inedited relation between real and painted images.
He is well-known for his works which stand for the American flag. But his works also focus on lettering, paper prints, numbers, textures and maps. His pieces have often had the title of most paid piece of work by a living artist, reaching record prices at auction.
18. Peter Blake (1932-electric current)
Peter Blake is a famous British Popular creative person. His work used elements from advertising and oftentimes used collage to include distinct symbols and popular references.
He was the creator of the famous anthology cover of The Beatles, 'Sgt. Pepper's Lone Hearts Club Band', two of The Who's albums, the cover of a Ring Assist unmarried, a Alive Aid affiche – and worked on many other remarkable commissions. In 2002, he was knighted for his services to the Arts at Buckingham Palace.
19. James Gill (1934-current)
American Creative person James Gill is seen as a primal figure of Pop Art. He is especially well-known for his 'Marilyn Triptych' (1962), which entered the MOMA'due south permanent drove in 1962.
James Gill'south works are based on the fundamental Pop themes of Celebrity Culture and the icons of modern-mean solar day life – however they are strongly political. In his work there is a critical level, casting a grim and melancholic light onto important social and political themes, among which the Vietnam War.
However, subsequently retiring from the Arts for nearly 30 years and returning in 2010, now his works focus much more than on the pop imagery of celebrities, technically blending realism and abstraction in a much more serene way.
xx. Jim Dine (1935-current)
Some other incredibly famous artist is Jim Dine, with more than than 300 solo exhibitions in of import institutions. His piece of work includes painting, drawing, printmaking, sculpture and photography – simply even assemblage and happenings in his early works.
He is associated with many different artforms - Neo-Dada and Abstract Expressionism, besides as Pop Art. In fact, like Jasper Johns and Robert Rauschenberg, he was part of the New Dada movement – resisting his clan to Pop Fine art and this movement'due south typical celebration of icons. Questioning the ability of iconic symbols, he developed a vocabulary of simple symbols such as tools, hearts and birds – universally recognisable and even artless.
21. David Hockney (1937-current)
Returning to the British Pop Art scene, we encounter David Hockney's piece of work. Painter, draftsman, printmaker, stage designer and photographer, Hockney is ane of the nigh prominent British Pop artists.
His painting style combines a figurative idea with the vibrant pop color palette, creating extremely expressive settings that are even so highly recognisable. In fact, his works are extremely popular, breaking sales records multiple times – such as with his xc-million-dollar painting "Double Portrait", sold at Christie'due south in 2018.
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22. Ed Ruscha (1937-electric current)
Now living and working in California and represented by the Gagosian Gallery, Edward Ruscha is an American artist. His works span photography, painting, drawing, printmaking and film. His main influences were Jasper Johns, Marcel Duchamp and Edward Hopper.
Graduating from the Chouinard Art Institute in 1960 and collaborating with many big names, his early works are greatly connected to the Pop Art movement and the Beat out Generation. But they too contain aspects of Dada, Surrealism, Abstract Expressionism and Conceptual Art as well.
23. Peter Max (1937-current)
Peter Max is a German American artist, whose work is recognizable for the utilise of bright colours and the visual imagery, Culture and Aesthetics from the 1960s. His work has been associated with Psychedelic, Counter-Culture, Neo-Expressionism and Pop Art influences in Graphic Design.
He has oft incorporated many icons and symbols in his piece of work. Thank you to the popularity of his timely mode, he has collaborated with musicians - such as Bob Dylan, and had numerous commissions – like the first 'Preserve the Surroundings' postage stamp.
24. Jeff Koons (1955-current)
Talking almost mass consumption and commonage icons, nosotros cannot forget to mention American creative person Jeff Koons. Although this creative person emerges later than other artists, his Neo-Pop shapes can exist seen as close relatives of Andy Warhol's iconic artworks.
His works repeat Pop Art, not only for their colourfulness, but also for the monumentality and influential power that they take. His kitsch and colourful sculptures – among which the well-known works 'Rabbit', 'Puppy' and 'Balloon Dog' - uniquely readdress the positive society for which they were created.
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Courtesy of Sonnabend Gallery, New York
25. George Condo (1957-current)
Too working at Andy Warhol'southward Factory for a period, George Condo is a contemporary visual artist, working in painting, cartoon, sculpture and printmaking. He is a highly respected artist that used the Pop narrative to create a style of his own.
In the 80s, he coined the term 'Artificial Realism' to describe his early piece of work – "the realistic representation of that which is bogus" – meeting the paintings by the One-time European Masters with American Popular Art. In his most recent work, Condo'southward paintings translate human-like figures in a humorous, grotesque and cartoonish earth. Still dominating the contemporary art scene, he refers to this line of work as 'Psychological Cubism'.
26. Nara Yoshimoto (1959-current)
Nara Yoshimoto is an active Japanese artist living in Tokyo. His piece of work represents simple figures with cartoonish features. Appearing harmless, like children or domestic animals, but with contrasting expressions, poses or holding weapons, they oft result unsettling.
In a similar fashion to another artist, Takashi Murakami – Yoshimoto's piece of work has been defined as 'superflat' and 'pop' – expanding the iconography, cultural icons and symbols that we conventionally associate with early Popular Art works.
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27. Takashi Murakami (1962-current)
Contemporary artist Takashi Murakami is an important figure both for Pop Art and Japanese Culture. Painter, sculptor, and commercial artist, Murakami adult artworks inspired by his state'south iconography – clouding the boundaries between high and depression Art.
Originally from Tokyo, his creative style presents returning motifs and anime inspired characters depicted in bright colours on big surfaces, or in the form of life-sized sculptures. He coined the term 'superflat', used to describe the Japanese aesthetic tradition – and since then it has been applied to his works.
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28. Damien Hirst (1965-electric current)
The remarkably controversial effigy of English creative person, entrepreneur and collector Damien Hirst has undoubtedly dominated the Art scene. He won the Turner Prize in 1995, curated the art show 'Freeze' while studying, giving form to the successful group YBAs (Young British Artists) in the 1990s.
His conceptual works have a potent effect on audiences globe-broad – making them nigh definitely Pop. Just similar Andy Warhol, Death is an of import theme for his work. Frequently adopting Pop Art aesthetics, using symbols, powerful images or controversial icons he alludes to the world of consumption.
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Courtesy of Damien Hirst and Science Ltd.
29. Banksy
Anonymous street creative person Banksy is probably the most popular artist nowadays. His fame is worldwide due to his Street Art works and his provocative approach. His style is of strong Street Art derivation and his chief mediums are spray paint and stencils. His works tackle electric current social and political situations.
Fifty-fifty though he cannot directly exist classified as a Pop Art artist, his works are strongly influenced by popular images, Popular Fine art and consumerist symbols – with his virtually iconic works becoming reproduceable icons themselves.
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30. Niclas Castello (1978-current)
A Contemporary artist, strongly influenced past Pop Fine art, is German Niclas Castello. Inspired by Street artist Invader, and initially a Street artist himself, his works are powerful and iconic, related to fashion and consumerism.
He became renowned thanks to 'The Buss' sculptures which have a like monumental stance to Jeff Koons' glossy and metal balloons or Claes Oldenburg'south behemothic replicas of everyday objects. In general, his works combine Neo-Expressionist and Street Art influences, as well as the Neo-Popular variation of other famous Popular art artists' subjects.
What can we define every bit Pop Art today?
Many names are still recognisable now. The Pop artists' works accept become even more than widespread. In fact, even though the cease of this move is continued to the tragic death of Andy Warhol, many aspects of the civilization and the important artworks are still influential today.
Nonetheless, Pop Art is not only about the repeated colourful silkscreen prints of Campbell's Soup Cans. Information technology is a very diverse movement – which still speaks for the consumeristic society of icons, symbols and brands of our contemporary world.
Different techniques, such as oil paints, acrylics, lithography, drawings, graphics, sculptures, textiles – the boundaries of Popular Art are difficult to define.
Is Pop Art dead?
Unquestionably, Pop Fine art has had an enormous amount of success, influencing the vocabulary of many gimmicky artists all over the world. From the 1960s up until today, club has been greatly focused on celebrities, mass production and consumption.
However, today Neo-Pop works present similar objects and subjects simply in an elevated way to those with which Pop started. The world of Street Fine art has get more focused on the icons of modernistic twenty-four hours and graphic images of publicity. But similar Pop, information technology is elevating 'low' Art and popular symbols.
Simply as Keith Haring'south simplified figures covered New York in the 80s, walking around London today we encounter a serial of extremely expressive figures fatigued only with a few basic lines – works past British Graffiti artist Stik.
Stik's works have been exhibited and sold at finest galleries and auctions. His style is unique in colour and form and shows a very contemporary strand of what tin can exist seen as Pop. Its reproducibility, legibility, iconic nature and popularity are a clear reference to Keith Haring'south works.
But now the digital realm has get the heart stage for contemporary lodge mixing and taking from the visual culture of games, influencers and the world of digital consumption. It is as if the Pop Art movement was still evolving and existence discovered equally the digital and physical boundaries of reproduction are reached.
'Pop Culture' has become a more than various expanded category of symbols, fictional and non-fictional characters and images. So perhaps, more than than asking ourselves whether Pop Art is a motion of the past, we should enquire ourselves how this motility pushed artists, and the masses, to look at the new horizons of the Arts.
Cover image: James Rosenquist, President-Elect, 1960-61/1964, oil on linen. Courtesy Heart Pompidou, Paris.
Written by Zoë Zanello
South tay Tuned on Kooness mag for more than exciting news from the art earth.
Source: https://www.kooness.com/posts/magazine/top-30-pop-art-artists
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